Actions to address CDoH at the local authority level
Actions to address CDoH at the local authority level

Welcome to this Local Health Global Profits interactive database of actions to address the Commercial Determinants of Health at the local level.

What is this resource?

This resource provides a searchable list of potential actions to address the Commercial Determinants of Health (CDoH) at the local level. It is intended to aid users in identifying relevant evidence on these actions, filterable by area of interest and level of impact, as referred to in published review articles, with links to those articles for users to follow.

The resource is based on the findings of researchers who conducted a review of actions to address CDoH at the local government level undertaken as part of the Local Health Global Profits project (Kim et al, presented at UK Prevention Research Conference, Birmingham 2026, paper under review). As such, it may not reflect the latest primary evidence or grey literature, nor is it intended to be exhaustive in nature.

What is meant by "actions"?

We use the term "actions" because we wanted to convey a broad set of possible interventions from implementing progressive economic frameworks and changing approaches to policymaking (e.g., integrating 'Health in All Policies'), to specific sectoral polices such as high fat, salt and/or sugar (HFSS) advertising bans and low emission zones. The identified actions within this resource reflect our research's focus on upstream and population-level change rather than individual behaviour change.

How is this resource structured?

Within this resource, actions are categorised and searchable in several ways. These include:

(1) Areas of (CDoH) interest

  • Food and Drink
  • Tobacco
  • Alcohol
  • Gambling
  • Fossil Fuels
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Built Environment
  • Labour and Working Conditions
  • Waste, Water and Sanitation

(2) Facets of the "Lancet Model of CDoH"

A framework for conceptualising CDoH first detailed in the first paper in 2023 of the Lancet Series on CDoH, with facets including:

Levels

  • Level 1: Political and economic system
  • Level 2: Regulatory approaches and upstream policies
  • Level 3: Sectoral public policies
  • Level 4: Environments
  • Levels 5/6: Final routes to health and equity impacts

Drivers

  • Norms
  • Externalities
  • Power

Practices

  • Political practices
  • Scientific practices
  • Marketing practices
  • Supply chain and waste practices
  • Labour and employment practices
  • Financial practices
  • Reputational management practices

(3) Mechanism

Mechanisms of action, based on the DEPTH framework for categorising the agentic demands of population health interventions (Garrott et al., 2024).

Mechanism Definition Examples
Socio-cultural Intervention components that aim to change a community or society's attitudes, beliefs, norms and values related to the intended behaviour. Advertising campaign with celebrity endorsement for fruit and vegetables.
Cognitive Intervention components that aim to change individual knowledge, attitudes, beliefs or skills concerning the intended behaviour. Cooking demonstration classes to provide knowledge and skills to enable home cooking.
Physical environment Intervention components that aim to change the availability, accessibility, safety, placement or properties of infrastructure, facilities, objects or stimuli in the wider environment, including the digital environment. These include intervention components that aim to increase the accesisbililty of intended behaviours. Provision of a new supermarket in a food desert. Improvements to facilities and pathways in parks.
Financial Intervention components that aim to change the relative monetary cost of intended behaviours. This includes reducing the monetary cost of engaging in the desired behaviour or increasing the monetary cost of alternative behaviours. The provision of free or reduced price tangible goods are also included here. Provision of bicycles to employees at workplaces to facilitate cycling to work.

(4) Efficacy

Evidence of efficacy on the following scale:

Efficacy Rating Definition
+ (Beneficial effect) Overall positive effect
- (Negative effect) Overall negative effect
+/- (Mixed effect) Mixed results with positive, negative and no effects
* (Inconclusive) Uncertain effect
0 (No Effect) Neither positive nor negative effect
+/-0* (Suggestive but inconclusive) Suggestive of a positive, negative or no effect but not enough evidence to be definitive
N/A (Effect not discussed/reported) The effect is not discussed nor reported in the paper

(5) Geographic Scope

Finally, the list of actions is also searchable on the geographic scope of the supporting evidence: Global, Europe, UK or Other specific countries.

Click Here to Search the Resource

Other Resources

Other useful resources on addressing the Commercial Determinants of Health, at the local level and beyond, include:

Our Funder

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