Examples of implementation: Barbour et al., (2022) identifies several examples of local government strategies and actions for supporting primary producers. The Paris (France) Strategy for Sustainable Food (2018) calls for the development of three educational farms to provide permaculture training and the Participatory Urban Agriculture Project (2000) in Quito (Ecuador) outlines training in organic production, nutrition, food processing and marketing and vertical gardening for urban producers. The Health and Sustainable Food for San Francisco (USA) (2009) policy includes several action points including performing a land audit for urban agriculture and provide education, technical and financial support for urban gardens. Under the Nairobi Urban Agriculture Promotion and Regulation Act (2015) (Kenya), key activities include building capacity among farmers around sustainable farming practices (livestock, fish, production of crops and produce), pest management and organic composting. Similar regulatory approaches have occurred in Cape Town (South Africa) where its Urban Agriculture Policy (2007) in seeking to create commercially sustainable economic opportunities via urban agriculture outlines a support program for urban agriculture including providing assistance in accessing land, infrastructure, capacity and skills development.

Types of identified development pathways: food incubator programs; prizes to recognise and promote grassroots urban agriculture initiatives; assistance for farming and food entrepreneurs in navigating local approval and regulatory processes; target tax increment financing to incentivise businesses involved in local production, processing and distribution of healthy food (e.g. long-term land rental agreements).

Examples of implementation: Barbour et al., (2022) identifies several examples of local government strategies and actions for supporting the development of healthier and sustainable food enterprises. The Paris (France) Strategy for Sustainable Food (2018), in line with one of its aims to improve access to sustainable food for everyone, promotes sustainable food innovation start-ups via the 'Paris Smart Food' incubator. As part of its efforts to expand healthy food enterprises, Chicago (USA)'s 'A Recipe for Healthy Places' (2013) outlines the provision of target tax increment financing for developing local healthy food businesses that are involved in food production, processing and distribution. Within the Toronto (Canada) Golden Horseshoe Food and Farming Action Plan (2012), there were several relevant actions including the expansion of Toronto's Food Business Incubator for assisting food start-ups, appointing a senior official in each local government area to aid farming and food entrepreneurs in the approval and regulatory processes, and aligning provincial and municipal taxes and fees to further support the profitability of the regional food and farming industry (e.g., financial incentives for innovative food processing, long-term land rental agreements).

Examples of implementation: Under the Regional Food System Action Plan for Vancouver (Canada) (2016), efforts to improve the financial viability of the local food sector included increasing direct market opportunities for local foods and use of tax exemptions to revitalise processing, distribution and storage of local foods (Barbour et al., 2022, S6).