Examples of implementation: Danielli et al., (2021) cites two studies that illustrate how the city of Memphis, Tennessee (USA) has collaborated with a local professional sports team (NBA team - Memphis Grizzlies) to promote and deliver education and support programmes targeted at individual who are overweight or obese (see Irwin et al., 2010 and Irwin et al., 2012 in Danielli et al., 2021).

Types of identified social enterprise strategies and initiatives: social solidarity stores; communitarian restaurants for elderly; vouchers for 'at risk' families to use at local produce markets; 'pay it forward' programmes; direct funding to local producers via local food cooperatives.

Examples of implementation: Barbour et al., (2022) identifies several examples of social enterprise initiatives with local food policies and strategies. Within the Paris (France) Strategy for Sustainable Food (2018), relevant initiatives were the introduction of fruit and vegetable solidarity cards, expansion of the 'cafe sustendu' program to also include bakery and grocery stores (enables customers to pay for someone less fortunate to access food later) and the opening of 10 new social grocery stores. The Flagship Food Boroughs London programme (2014) in Croydon and Lambeth included the launch of the 'Rose voucher scheme', which provides eligible families with weekly vouchers to spend at local fruit and vegetable markets. The city of Medellin's (Colombia) Public Policy on Food Security, Food Sovereignty and Nutrition (2005) includes several actions working toward a hunger-free and food-sovereign city including the development of 'Medellin Solidaria' - a communitarian restaurant initiative focused on food access for the elderly.

Further description: Demeshko et al., (2024) identifies that improving predictive modelling methods and global standardization of detecting corruption could help to increase the use of monitoring and surveillance of corruption in the food supply chain.

Examples of implementation: Barbour et al., (2022) identifies several examples of local government strategies to repurpose vacant and abandoned public land for urban growing and/or gardening spaces. Within Catania (Italy), the 'Orti e arte' (Vegetable Gardens and Arts) (2018) policy works to preserve green areas between built areas and enable their re-use for urban vegetable gardens that can be used for local growing, learning, therapeutical, social and environmental purposes by: retirees and people with disabilities; family units; groups of families; young people for education; reintegration and therapeutic rehabilitation programmes. In Zurich (Switzerland), efforts to become an 'edible city' have included the use of traffic islands for urban growing of vegetables. As part of the 'GO TO 2040 Regional Comprehensive Plan' of Chicago (US), there was plans to simplify and incentivise the conversion of vacant and underutilised lots, spaces and rooftops for urban agriculture use.