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What we know: Research is needed to determine the idea maximum bet as one study indicated that a $10 max bet was insufficient, since most did not bet to this amount in one go (Tanner et al., 2017). Another study demonstrated that a lower maximum bet ($1 max vs $10 max bet), however, was associated less time spent on EGMs, placing fewer bets, enduring fewer losses, smoking fewer cigarettes and consuming less alcohol (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: Maximum lines like maximum bets seeks to reduce the max amount that can be bet at once. Self-reported effects of maximum lines suggested a lack of influence on gambling behaviour but there were no experimental study findings discussed (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: There are few studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of on-screen clock and cash displays on EGMs. Limited evidence suggests that clock displays on EGMs have no significant effects on time playing (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: There are few studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of on-screen clock and cash displays on EGMs, with no identified studies using control groups or multiple measure time-points. Cash displays on EGMs may potentially help individuals keep track of their gambling expenditure (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: Tanner et al., (2017) reported that smoking bans are generally effective for reducing overall gambling expenditure, even if participants do not perceive a change in behaviour. Smoking bans, in providing a natural break in gambling, may help to reducing gambling expenditure.
What we know: There is no evidence that caps on the number of electronic gambling machines within venues or in a region is associated with reduced expenditure by gamblers or profits for gambling venues (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: Mandatory shutdowns of EGMs (for 3 hours or 6 hours) within gambling outlets was generally supported by individuals. Although few individuals reported being affected by the policy, most reported that they left the outlets during the shutdown (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: There is limited but suggestive evidence that restricting days/hours of use for gambling outlets can be effective, with one study showing these restrictions are associated with small reductions (3.3%) in gaming expenditure across gambling venues (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: While public education campaigns on the importance of urban trees (e.g., tree awareness campaigns, adopt-a-tree programs for private home owners) are common within local strategy plans on greenspace, there is a lack of available evidence on their effects on urban tree retention and canopy cover (Ordóñez-Barona et al., 2021).
Types of identified policies: Local laws for tree protection (e.g., needing a tree permit; fines for illegal removal); land use planning schemes; zoning and planning laws to protect environment/trees and maintenance of green spaces.
What we know: There is lack of available evidence on the efficacy of local protection and planning regulations for preserving canopy cover or comparative evidence with other forms of regulation at the local level to protect trees (Ordóñez-Barona et al., 2021).
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