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Types of identified workplace-based interventions: Screening and brief advice programmes; peer-referral programmes; mail-outs of information; staff training.
What we know: Workplace-based interventions are largely ineffective for reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol related-harm (Anderson et al., 2018).
What we know: Age of sale restrictions on alcohol are effective for reducing alcohol-related traffic crashes and consumption among young people as well as for protecting against future long-term negative outcomes related to alcohol and drug dependence, adverse birth outcomes, suicide and homicide (see De Jong and Blanchette 2014 in Siegfried and Parry, 2019).
Definition: Wholesale price caps restrict the price at which manufacturers can sell their products to retailers.
Further explanation: A dram shop liability policy would hold the owner/server(s) at a bar, restaurant or other location where a patron, adult or underage, consumed their last alcoholic beverage responsible for the harms subsequently inflicted by the patron on others.
What we know: Restricting and/or removing large note acceptors was effective for reducing gambling expenditure, time spent playing EGMs, size of bet and frequency of visits in one study reporting that measured the effects of changing from $100 to $20 bill acceptors and instituting a $20 balance limit (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: Removing ATMs from gambling venues was associated with reduced gambling expenditure on EGMs and less time spent at hotel and club gambling venues in one study (see Thomas et al., 2013) cited in the review by Tanner et al., 2017.
What we know: There is limited research into the effectiveness of EGM caps, but two studies within the Tanner et al., (2017) review found that profits at gambling venues were unchanged by caps.
What we know: Mixed effects were reported for school-based education initiatives on gambling. While education initiatives showed effectiveness in reducing misconceptions about gambling and increasing knowledge about gambling and harms in the short term, less is known about long-term effects (Blank et al., 2021). There were five of nine studies that showed positive effects on gambling behaviour, but again follow-up was short and definitions of gambling-related harm and measures of behaviour varied (Blank et al., 2021).
Types of identified pop-up messages: Provision of factual information/beliefs about gambling (e.g., odds of winning); self-appraisal to encourage gamblers to focus on their own gambling behaviour); reminders of session length; reminders of expenditure or monetary limits.
What we know: Pop-up messages on EGMs may reduce gambling-related harm but the effectiveness depends on the format and content (Blank et al., 2021). Factual pop-up messages were shown to increase knowledge about gambling, played less, spent less and had a greater likelihood of setting spending limits (Tanner et al., 2017). Self-appraisal messages in some cases appeared to be more influential than informative messages on participants' awareness of time during gambling, length of sessions and likelihood of taking a break from gambling (Tanner et al., 2017). Pop-up reminders of mandatory monetary limits also appeared to be associated with greater limit adherence (Tanner et al., 2017).
What we know: Mandatory monetary limit setting appeared to be effective when accompanied by a pop-up reminder message (Tanner et al., 2017). Mandatory cash-outs did not seem to effect time spent gambling (Tanner et al., 2017). A lab-based study suggested that jackpot expiry (i.e., after a certain amount of time, individuals are no longer eligible for the jackpot if they continue to gamble) was potentially protective against gambling losses, with those told that they were no longer eligible for the jackpot betting at a slower rate and having fewer monetary losses (Tanner et al., 2017).
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