What we know: In their reviews, Reimold et al., (2022) and Golden et al., (2016) discussed that this type of policy could require the reporting of industry price discounting and promotional payments between manufacturers and retailers in a similar way to the US Sunshine (Act) Law (2010), which regulate the financial disclosure of payments between healthcare providers and pharmaceutical companies to prevent undue influence and protect public interest (Alkhaled et al., 2014). No evaluations of this type of policy or examples of implementation in the tobacco context were reported.

What we know: Reported effects of smokeless tobacco control policies vary greatly as impacts are highly context-specific, with some measures seeing positive effects in some context and no or negative impacts in others (Forberger et al., 2022). There is limited but suggestive evidence for bans and/or restrictions of sale on smokeless tobacco products. Within the Indian context, no effects were found for the ban of smokeless tobacco on sales near educational institutions, which Forberger et al., (2022) explained was due to a lack of implementation and enforcement measures.

What we know: Well-established evidence indicates that exposure to tobacco industry advertising can negatively impact health through increasing appeal, purchasing and/or consumption of tobacco (Brown et al., 2014a; Brown et al., 2014b; Wilson et al., 2012). Evidence supports the use of comprehensive, mandatory bans on tobacco advertising and sponsorship (Brown et al., 2014a; Brown et al., 2014b; Wilson et al., 2012). There is limited but suggestive evidence of the specific effects of banning tobacco sponsorship, with one cited study based in Australia reporting null effects of increased coverage of local tobacco sponsorship bans on smoking prevalence but the impact may have been affected by tobacco industry actions (i.e., shifting of advertising resources to point-of-sale outlets) (Wilson et al., 2012).

What we know: There is limited and inconclusive evidence available on the effectiveness of public health interventions specifically targeting alcohol consumption and knowledge in pregnant women (Siegfried and Parry, 2019).

What we know: There is limited and inconclusive evidence available on the effectiveness of alcohol control interventions in sport settings (e.g., alcohol free events). Siegfried and Parry, (2019) identified two reviews evaluating these types of policy interventions but the reported effects were inconsistent and authors recommended the need for more research.